How Hell Got Hijacked: The Surprising Origins of the Modern View of Eternal Torment

The Hell You Know Isn’t the Hell the Bible Describes

Fiery pits. Demons with pitchforks. Sinners screaming in endless agony.
It’s the stuff of horror movies, comic strips—and, for many, Sunday sermons. But is this disturbing picture of hell really what the Bible teaches?

Surprisingly, the modern concept of hell owes more to Greek philosophy, medieval literature, and church tradition than to Scripture. The idea of eternal conscious torment—souls burning forever in fire—was imported into Christianity over centuries, often drowning out the Bible’s message of justice, mercy, and finality.

To uncover the truth, we have to ask a different question: Where did our ideas about hell actually come from?

Pagan Roots: Greek Philosophy and the Immortal Soul

One of the first major influences comes from ancient Greece. Philosophers like Plato taught that the soul is inherently immortal—that it lives on eternally after the body dies. According to this view, good souls ascend to bliss while wicked souls descend into punishment without end.

This idea found fertile ground as Christianity spread throughout the Greco-Roman world, gradually blending with biblical teachings. But it runs counter to what Scripture says:

“The soul who sins shall die” (Ezekiel 18:4).
“The wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life…” (Romans 6:23).

In the Bible, eternal life is a gift—not a default setting. The soul isn’t inherently immortal; only God possesses immortality (1 Timothy 6:16).

Greek myths also introduced terms like Hades and Tartarus—shadowy realms for the dead. While some of these words appear in Greek translations of the Bible, Scripture never endorses the mythology behind them.

What Jesus Really Meant by “Hell”

Jesus often spoke about “hell,” but not in the way most imagine. The word He used was Gehenna, not Hades or some cosmic torture chamber.

Gehenna referred to the Valley of Hinnom, just outside Jerusalem—a real, physical place known in history for burning refuse and even child sacrifice during Israel’s darker days. By the time of Jesus, it symbolized judgment and destruction, not eternal torment.

In Matthew 10:28, Jesus warns:

“Fear Him who can destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.”

Not “torment,” but destruction. A clear, final end—not an unending punishment.

Dante’s Inferno: Fiction That Reshaped Doctrine

Fast forward to the 14th century. Italian poet Dante Alighieri pens The Divine Comedy, a sweeping journey through the afterlife. Its first section, Inferno, describes hell as a grotesque dungeon of punishment, complete with nine levels, poetic justice, and demonic enforcers.

It’s brilliant literature—but not theology.

Unfortunately, Dante’s imaginative masterpiece shaped Western thought so profoundly that many came to believe his hell was the Bible’s hell. It wasn’t.

The Medieval Church: Fear, Power, and Purgatory

In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church further expanded these fiery ideas. They introduced purgatory—a temporary place of suffering to purify souls before heaven. People were taught that time in purgatory could be shortened by paying indulgences, attending masses, or performing certain deeds.

Over time, hell and purgatory became tools of religious control—powerful motivators built more on fear than on biblical truth.

Lost in Translation: One Word, Many Meanings

Much of the confusion stems from how different biblical words were rendered into English.

In original Hebrew and Greek, we find:

• Sheol (Hebrew) – the grave or realm of the dead
  
• Hades (Greek) – the unseen realm, similar to Sheol
  
• Gehenna – the valley symbolizing judgment and destruction
  
• Tartarus – a term used once in 2 Peter 2:4 for the abyss of fallen angels
  

Yet in many early English Bibles, all of these were translated simply as “hell.”

This blurred very different ideas into a single, misleading term—making readers assume every mention of “hell” referred to a place of eternal torment. In reality, Scripture draws important distinctions.

The Reformers: A Divided Legacy

The Protestant Reformation brought some fresh air. Reformers like William Tyndale and Martin Luther rejected the idea of an immortal soul and questioned the traditional doctrine of eternal torment.

• Tyndale argued that people “sleep” in death until the resurrection.
  
• Luther called the soul’s immortality a “monstrous opinion” stemming from philosophy, not Scripture.
  

However, others like John Calvin upheld belief in eternal punishment. His views—and those of later preachers like Jonathan Edwards, who famously warned sinners they were “hanging by a thread over the fires of hell”—became dominant in Protestant theology.

What the Bible Actually Says

To clear the smoke, we need to return to the text itself. Here’s what the Bible actually teaches:

Scriptural Reality Check

• Death, not torment, is the penalty for sin (Romans 6:23).
  
• The wicked will be burned up, not kept alive forever (Malachi 4:1–3).
  
• Immortality belongs to God alone (1 Timothy 6:16).
  
• The lake of fire is the “second death”, not eternal life in agony (Revelation 20:14).
  
• God does not delight in the death of the wicked (Ezekiel 33:11).
  

Rather than keeping sinners alive forever to punish them, the Bible presents a merciful conclusion: final judgment ends in complete destruction, not eternal suffering.

Why It Matters

This isn’t just a theological nuance—it impacts how we understand God’s character.

The traditional view portrays God as a cosmic torturer, sustaining the existence of the wicked just to inflict pain. But Scripture tells a different story: one of a just and merciful Judge, who offers eternal life to those who repent, and final death to those who persist in evil.

“He does not retain His anger forever, because He delights in mercy” (Micah 7:18).

This biblical view of hell doesn’t weaken the gospel—it restores it. It highlights a God who gives every person a chance, who conquers evil completely, and who will one day wipe away every tear—not preserve suffering forever.

At a Glance: Traditional vs. Biblical View of Hell

Conclusion: Rethinking Hell, Reclaiming Hope

By tracing the origins of the traditional view and comparing it with what the Bible actually says, we reclaim a clearer, more compassionate picture of God’s justice.

The biblical teaching on hell isn’t soft—it’s strong, final, and merciful. It affirms the seriousness of sin while upholding the love and goodness of the One who judges.